“Only by observing this condition would the results of our work be regarded as fully conclusive and as having elucidated the normal course of the phenomena.”
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It goes without saying that the desire to accomplish the task with more confidence, to avoid wasting time and labour, and to spare our experimental animals as much as possible, made us strictly observe all the precautions taken by surgeons in respect to their patients.
Ivan Pavlov 
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But man has still another powerful resource: natural science with its strictly objective methods.
Ivan Pavlov
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Finally, as the digestive canal is a complex system, a series of separate chemical laboratories, I cut the connections between them in order to investigate the course of phenomena in each particular laboratory; thus I resolved the digestive canal into several separate parts.
Ivan Pavlov
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